One of the most important aspects of Aztec agriculture was their cultivation of two major crops: maize and beans. These two crops formed the foundation of the Aztec diet and were essential for their survival and growth as a civilization.

Maize, also known as corn, was the primary crop grown by the Aztecs. It was a versatile crop that could be used in a variety of ways, such as grinding it into flour to make tortillas, tamales, and other dishes. Maize was also used to make a fermented drink called pulque, which was popular among the Aztec elite.

Beans were another crucial crop for the Aztecs. They were an excellent source of protein and were often combined with maize to create a complete and nutritious meal. Beans were also used in a variety of dishes, such as stews and soups, and were an important part of the Aztec diet.

Both maize and beans were cultivated using advanced agricultural techniques developed by the Aztecs. They built chinampas, or floating gardens, on the shallow waters of Lake Texcoco, where they grew their crops. These chinampas were highly productive and allowed the Aztecs to support a large population in the densely populated city of Tenochtitlan.

The cultivation of maize and beans was not only crucial for the Aztec diet but also played a significant role in their religious beliefs. The Aztecs believed that maize was a sacred plant that was created by the gods to sustain humanity. They also had a complex system of agricultural rituals and ceremonies to ensure a successful harvest.

In conclusion, maize and beans were the two major crops used by the Aztecs. These crops were essential for their survival and growth as a civilization, providing them with sustenance, nutrition, and a connection to their religious beliefs. The cultivation of maize and beans was a testament to the advanced agricultural practices of the Aztecs and their ability to thrive in a challenging environment.

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