Doubly-ionised helium atoms, when emitted by some radioactive nuclei, are known as alpha particles. These particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, making them essentially a helium nucleus without any electrons. Due to their large mass and positive charge, alpha particles are relatively slow-moving and have a limited range in air.

Alpha particles are commonly emitted during the process of alpha decay, which is a type of radioactive decay where an unstable nucleus releases an alpha particle to become more stable. This process is commonly seen in heavy elements like uranium and radium.

Alpha particles are considered to be highly ionising radiation, meaning they have the ability to strip electrons from atoms they interact with. This can cause damage to biological tissues and DNA, making alpha radiation potentially harmful to living organisms.

Despite their potential dangers, alpha particles are also used in various applications, such as in smoke detectors and in the field of nuclear physics for studying the properties of nuclei. In medical imaging, alpha particles can be used to target and destroy cancer cells in a process known as alpha particle therapy.

When it comes to detecting alpha particles, special equipment such as alpha particle detectors are used. These detectors are typically made of materials like silicon or scintillators that can detect the energy and intensity of alpha particles passing through them.

In conclusion, doubly-ionised helium atoms emitted by some radioactive nuclei are known as alpha particles. These particles play a significant role in the field of nuclear physics and have both potential risks and benefits in various applications. Understanding the properties and behavior of alpha particles is essential for safely harnessing their power for scientific and technological advancements.

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