In horse racing, the term "filly" refers to a female horse that is under the age of four years old. Once a filly reaches the age of four, she is then considered a mare. This distinction is important in the world of horse racing, as different races and competitions may have specific age requirements for entry. One of the most prestigious races for fillies is the Kentucky Oaks, which is held annually at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky. The Kentucky Oaks is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old fillies and is considered the female counterpart to the Kentucky Derby. While fillies typically compete in races against other fillies, they may also race against colts in certain circumstances. For example, the Kentucky Oaks is open to both fillies and colts, but it is rare for a filly to compete against colts in the Kentucky Derby. However, there have been instances where fillies have proven themselves against male competitors, such as when Rachel Alexandra won the Preakness Stakes in 2009. In terms of age, fillies are typically retired from racing once they reach the age of four or five, as they may begin to lose their competitive edge against younger horses. However, there have been instances of fillies continuing to race successfully well into their older years. Overall, the maximum age of a filly in horse racing is typically around four or five years old. After this age, they are considered mares and may be retired from racing to pursue a career as a broodmare. In conclusion, fillies play an important role in the world of horse racing, competing in races specifically designed for female horses under the age of four. While their racing careers may be relatively short compared to male counterparts, fillies have the opportunity to showcase their speed, agility, and skill on the track before potentially transitioning to a new role as a broodmare.

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