Louis Philippe was the last king of France. He ruled from 1830 to 1848, during a period known as the July Monarchy. Louis Philippe came to power after the July Revolution of 1830, which saw the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy. He was known as the "Citizen King" because of his efforts to portray himself as a monarch who ruled for the people, rather than for his own interests. During his reign, Louis Philippe implemented a number of reforms aimed at modernizing France and improving the lives of its citizens. He expanded the middle class and introduced changes to the electoral system, giving more people the right to vote. However, his rule was not without controversy, and he faced opposition from both the left and the right. In 1848, a series of uprisings known as the February Revolution erupted across France, leading to Louis Philippe's abdication and the establishment of the Second Republic. He fled to England, where he lived out the rest of his days in exile. Louis Philippe's reign marked the end of the Bourbon monarchy in France, which had ruled the country for centuries. His overthrow and the establishment of the Second Republic were part of a wave of revolutions that swept across Europe in 1848, known as the Springtime of Nations. Today, Louis Philippe is remembered as a complex figure in French history. Some view him as a progressive monarch who made important reforms, while others criticize him for his authoritarian tendencies and failure to address the underlying social and economic issues of his time. In conclusion, Louis Philippe was the last king of France, ruling from 1830 to 1848. His reign was marked by attempts at reform and modernization, as well as political opposition and ultimately his overthrow. His legacy remains a subject of debate among historians and the French public.

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