The modern city that was once called Byzantium is Istanbul. Located in Turkey, Istanbul has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. Originally founded as Byzantium by Greek colonists in the 7th century BC, the city was later renamed Constantinople when it became the capital of the Roman Empire. It was not until the Ottoman conquest in 1453 that the city was renamed Istanbul and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Istanbul is a vibrant and bustling metropolis that straddles two continents, Europe and Asia, making it a unique and diverse city. With a population of over 15 million people, Istanbul is Turkey's largest city and serves as its economic, cultural, and historic center.

One of the most iconic landmarks in Istanbul is the Hagia Sophia, a former Greek Orthodox Christian cathedral that later became an imperial mosque and is now a museum. Another must-see attraction is the Topkapi Palace, a sprawling complex that was once the residence of Ottoman sultans. The city is also home to the famous Grand Bazaar, one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world.

For those interested in learning more about the history of Istanbul, there are several museums and historical sites to explore. The Istanbul Archaeology Museums house a vast collection of artifacts from the city's past, while the Basilica Cistern offers a glimpse into the ancient water system of Byzantium.

Visitors to Istanbul can also enjoy the city's vibrant food scene, which blends traditional Turkish cuisine with influences from around the world. From street food vendors selling kebabs and baklava to upscale restaurants serving mezes and seafood, there is something for every palate in Istanbul.

Overall, Istanbul is a city that seamlessly blends its rich history with modernity, making it a must-visit destination for travelers from around the world. To learn more about the history and attractions of Istanbul, visit Lonely Planet's guide to Istanbul or Istanbul.com for more information.

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