Flatfishes form a unique and widespread group that includes about 130 American species, common in both the Atlantic and Pacific. These fascinating creatures are known for their distinct body shape and remarkable adaptation to their environment. With their flattened bodies and both eyes on one side of their head, flatfishes have evolved to effectively camouflage themselves on the ocean floor. Flatfishes belong to the family Pleuronectidae, which is found in various parts of the world. However, the American species are particularly diverse and abundant. They can be found in the Atlantic Ocean, from the Gulf of Maine to Florida, and even extend into the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, they are also present in the Pacific Ocean, ranging from Alaska to California. Their wide distribution demonstrates their ability to thrive in various water temperatures and conditions. One of the most well-known American flatfish species is the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). This large and highly sought-after fish can grow up to 8 feet in length and weigh over 700 pounds. It is highly prized for its delicate flavor and firm texture, making it a favorite among seafood enthusiasts. Other popular flatfish species in the American region include flounder, sole, and plaice. These flatfishes have a unique adaptation known as metamorphosis, which occurs during their early development stages. When they hatch, flatfish larvae have a symmetrical body, with eyes positioned on each side of their head. However, as they grow, one eye migrates to the other side, resulting in the characteristic flatfish body shape. This adaptation allows them to lie flat on the ocean floor, blending seamlessly with their surroundings and ambushing prey. From an ecological perspective, flatfishes play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. They are both predator and prey, feeding on small fish and invertebrates while also being targeted by larger predators such as sharks and seals. Their abundance and distribution make them an important part of the food chain, contributing to the overall balance of the ecosystem. In conclusion, flatfishes are a unique and diverse group of American species that can be found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Their distinctive body shape and remarkable adaptation make them fascinating creatures to study and observe. As key players in marine ecosystems, it is essential to understand and protect these valuable species for the sake of biodiversity and ecological balance.

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