What is the atomic number for thallium?

Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a soft, bluish-white metal that is highly toxic. The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which is unique for each element.

Discovered in 1861 by Sir William Crookes, thallium is named after the Greek word "thallos," which means "a green shoot or twig." It is found in trace amounts in the Earth's crust and is primarily obtained as a byproduct of zinc, lead, and copper refining.

The atomic number for thallium, 81, signifies that the nucleus of a thallium atom contains 81 protons. This number is crucial in determining the element's position on the periodic table and its chemical properties.

Thallium has a variety of applications, including its use in electronics, infrared detectors, and medical imaging. It was also once used as a rodenticide and in the production of optical lenses. However, due to its high toxicity, these uses have significantly diminished.

Thallium compounds are known for their ability to be highly toxic to living organisms. The metal and its compounds can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Thallium poisoning can lead to various health issues, including hair loss, nervous system damage, and even death.

In terms of its atomic structure, thallium has 81 electrons distributed in multiple energy levels or shells surrounding the nucleus. The first shell contains two electrons, the second shell contains eight electrons, the third shell contains 18 electrons, the fourth shell contains 32 electrons, and the fifth shell contains 18 electrons. The outermost shell, often referred to as the valence shell, contains three electrons.

In conclusion, the atomic number for thallium is 81, indicating the presence of 81 protons in its nucleus. Thallium is a toxic element with various applications, but its use has been limited due to its harmful effects on living organisms.

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