When it comes to the human body, the top set of vertebrae has a specific Latin name. These vertebrae are known as the atlas and axis.

The atlas, also referred to as the C1 vertebra, is the very first bone in the cervical spine. It gets its name from the Greek mythological figure Atlas, who held the world on his shoulders. Similarly, the atlas bone holds up the skull, allowing for its mobility and the nodding motion of the head.

Directly below the atlas is the axis, also known as the C2 vertebra. The name "axis" originates from the Latin word meaning "axle." This vertebra has a unique structure that allows the head to rotate smoothly from side to side.

The atlas and axis vertebrae have distinct features that differentiate them from the other vertebrae in the spine. The atlas lacks a vertebral body, which is a characteristic feature of most other vertebrae. Instead, it consists of a ring-like structure with two prominent lateral masses that articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull. These lateral masses allow for the "yes" motion of the head.

The axis, on the other hand, has a bony protrusion known as the dens or odontoid process. This structure extends upward from the body of the axis and fits into a space in the atlas, forming a pivot joint. This unique articulation allows for the rotational movement of the head.

In summary, the Latin name for the top set of vertebrae is the atlas and axis. The atlas supports the weight of the skull and enables the nodding motion, while the axis allows for the rotational movement of the head. Understanding the anatomy and function of these vertebrae is crucial in comprehending the complex structure of the cervical spine.

Sign Up