The lightest known gas on earth is hydrogen. It is an odorless, colorless, and highly flammable gas that is composed of a single proton and a single electron. With an atomic number of 1, hydrogen is the lightest element in the periodic table, making it the lightest gas known to mankind.

Hydrogen is commonly found in nature as a diatomic molecule (H2), meaning it consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded together. This form of hydrogen is abundant in the universe, especially in stars and gas giants like Jupiter. However, on earth, hydrogen is usually found in combination with other elements, such as oxygen in water (H2O).

One of the unique properties of hydrogen is its low density, which contributes to its status as the lightest gas. In fact, it is 14 times lighter than air! Due to its low density, hydrogen gas can rise rapidly in the atmosphere, making it an excellent lifting agent. This property has been utilized in various applications, including hot air balloons and airships.

Furthermore, hydrogen is widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, metal production, and electronics. It is a crucial component in the production of ammonia, which is essential for fertilizer production. Additionally, hydrogen fuel cells are gaining popularity as a clean and sustainable energy source, as they produce electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen, with water being the only byproduct.

While hydrogen is the lightest known gas, it poses some safety concerns due to its high flammability. Its explosive nature necessitates cautious handling and storage procedures. However, with proper precautions, hydrogen can be used safely and efficiently for various purposes.

In conclusion, hydrogen holds the title of the lightest known gas on earth. Its low density and abundance make it a versatile element with numerous applications across industries. As technologies and research progress, hydrogen's potential as a clean energy source continues to be explored, offering promising possibilities for a greener future.

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