Light bending when passing through a lens is a fascinating phenomenon known as refraction. Refraction occurs due to the change in speed of light as it transitions from one medium to another. Lenses, which are made of transparent materials such as glass or plastic, are specifically designed to exploit this property of light.

In simple terms, when light enters a lens, it slows down and changes direction. This bending of light allows lenses to focus or diverge light, depending on their shape. The degree of bending depends on the refractive index of the material and the curvature of the lens.

There are two main types of lenses: converging lenses and diverging lenses. Converging lenses are thicker in the middle and cause light rays to converge at a point called the focal point. These lenses are commonly used in magnifying glasses, telescopes, and cameras to bring objects into focus. On the other hand, diverging lenses are thinner in the middle and cause light rays to spread out. This divergence is helpful for correcting vision problems, as in the case of glasses or contact lenses for nearsightedness.

Refraction is not only limited to lenses but also occurs when light passes through other transparent objects, such as water or prisms. In fact, it is the bending of light through a prism that creates the beautiful rainbow effect we often see. The different colors of light bend at different angles, resulting in the separation of white light into its constituent colors.

Understanding refraction is crucial in various fields, including optics, physics, and engineering. By studying how light behaves when passing through lenses, scientists and engineers can design and improve the performance of optical instruments and devices.

In conclusion, the phenomenon in which light bends when passing through a lens is called refraction. Refraction allows lenses to focus or diverge light, depending on their shape. This phenomenon is not limited to lenses but occurs whenever light passes through transparent materials. By studying refraction, scientists and engineers can continue to unlock the secrets of light and develop innovative technologies.

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