Hydrophobia, better known as rabies, is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs, bats, raccoons, and foxes. Rabies is a highly lethal disease, with a mortality rate close to 100% once symptoms appear.

The term hydrophobia, meaning fear of water, is derived from one of the most characteristic symptoms of rabies. Infected individuals often display difficulty swallowing and a fear of water due to the painful spasms in the throat and larynx. However, it is important to note that not all individuals with rabies exhibit hydrophobia, as symptoms can vary from person to person.

Recognizing the early signs of rabies infection is crucial, as it allows for prompt medical intervention. Initial symptoms may include fever, headache, and general weakness, which can be easily mistaken for other common illnesses. As the disease progresses, more specific symptoms such as anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, and agitation may manifest. This is followed by the development of acute encephalitis, which leads to paralysis, coma, and ultimately death.

In many parts of the world, rabies is still a significant public health concern. It is estimated that tens of thousands of people die from this preventable disease each year, with the majority of cases occurring in Asia and Africa. Vaccination of domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, is the most effective way to prevent the spread of rabies to humans.

When it comes to treating rabies, there is no cure once symptoms appear. However, immediate post-exposure prophylaxis, consisting of a series of vaccinations and administration of rabies immunoglobulin, can prevent the onset of the disease if given promptly after exposure. This is why seeking medical attention after a potential exposure to rabies is crucial.

In conclusion, hydrophobia is better known as rabies. This deadly viral disease affects the nervous system and is transmitted through the bite of infected animals. While hydrophobia is a characteristic symptom, it is not always present in all cases. Recognizing the early signs and seeking prompt medical attention is vital in preventing the progression of rabies. Vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis are the key strategies for preventing the spread of this preventable disease.

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