The War of the Roses was a series of conflicts fought in England during the 15th century. It was a bitter and bloody struggle for power between two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet – the House of Lancaster, represented by a red rose, and the House of York, represented by a white rose. This long-lasting feud resulted in a significant impact on the English monarchy and society.

The war began in 1455 and lasted until 1487, spanning several decades of political instability and bloodshed. The conflict originated from the power struggle between the Lancastrian King Henry VI and the Yorkist faction, led by Richard, Duke of York. The tensions escalated as both sides attempted to secure the throne and assert their rightful claim.

Throughout the war, the balance of power shifted multiple times. The Yorkists achieved early victories, notably at the Battle of Towton in 1461, where they successfully dethroned Henry VI and placed Edward IV on the throne. However, the conflict was far from over, as the Lancastrians regrouped and fought back.

The tide turned in 1471 when the Yorkists, under the leadership of Edward IV, achieved a decisive victory at the Battle of Tewkesbury. This marked a turning point in the war, as it resulted in the death of the Lancastrian heir, Edward, Prince of Wales. Subsequently, Henry VI was murdered, leaving the Yorkists in control of the throne.

The final chapter of the War of the Roses occurred in 1485, with the Battle of Bosworth. This battle is infamous for being the last significant clash of the conflict and for the death of Richard III, the last Yorkist king. It paved the way for Henry Tudor, a Lancastrian descendant, to seize the throne and establish the Tudor dynasty, effectively ending the war and bringing stability to England.

In conclusion, the War of the Roses was fought throughout the 15th century, lasting from 1455 to 1487. This series of conflicts between the Houses of Lancaster and York shaped the course of English history, ultimately leading to the ascension of the Tudor dynasty and the end of the Plantagenet era.

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